翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ John Thorpe ・ John Thorpe (antiquarian, 1682–1750) ・ John Thomas Lewis Preston ・ John Thomas Lupton ・ John Thomas Macpherson ・ John Thomas Madden ・ John Thomas Mair ・ John Thomas Marten ・ John Thomas McCarthy ・ John Thomas Mentzer ・ John Thomas Micklethwaite ・ John Thomas Moore ・ John Thomas Morris ・ John Thomas Moss ・ John Thomas Norris ・ John Thomas North ・ John Thomas Peacock ・ John Thomas Peele ・ John Thomas Perceval ・ John Thomas Quekett ・ John Thomas Rochead ・ John Thomas Scharf ・ John Thomas Serres ・ John Thomas Seton ・ John Thomas sign ・ John Thomas Simpson ・ John Thomas Sladek ・ John Thomas Smith ・ John Thomas Smith (engraver) ・ John Thomas Sproule Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク John Thomas North ： ウィキペディア英語版 John Thomas North John Thomas North (30 January 1842 – 5 May 1896) was an English investor and businessman. North was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, the son of a coal merchant and a churchwarden. At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to millwrights and engineers before working for several years as a mechanic. He moved to Chile where his first occupation was as a boiler riveter in Huasco. He later moved to the Peruvian town of Iquique where he worked as a waterworks operator, importer and ship owner. The War of the Pacific (1879–1883) provided North with an opportunity to purchase large numbers of bonds in the Peruvian nitrate industry. When Chile annexed Iquique and the surrounding province of Tarapacá the Chilean government transferred ownership of the nitrate fields to the bondholders. North was thus able to take a monopoly share of the lucrative Chilean nitrate industry for a very small initial investment, becoming known as "The King of Nitrates". North built upon his nitrates business by expanding into further monopolies in waterworks and freight railways, but also owned several iron and coal fields. North maintained his monopolies by employing lawyers to block competing entrepreneurs both in court and the Chilean National Congress. This was allowed by Chilean president Domingo Santa María, but María's successor, José Manuel Balmaceda, became concerned that Tarapacá was starting to resemble a "state within a state" and resolved to break North's monopoly. Balmaceda had to force competition reforms through against opposition in congress, amongst a series of disputes which would eventually escalate into the 1891 Chilean Civil War between the president and the congress. North also had investments in the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company which operated a concession in the Congo Free State. This company was involved in the extraction and export of rubber from the state, another highly profitable business, but later became involved in abuses of human rights against those under its power. However North's finances were eventually depleted and when he died his business empire had collapsed. ==Early life== North was born in Leeds, Yorkshire on 30 January 1842, the son of a coal merchant and a churchwarden.〔 At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to millwrights and engineers before working for several years as a mechanic. He moved to Chile in South America at the age of 23 where his first occupation was as a boiler riveter in Huasco.〔 He moved from Huasca to Iquique in the province of Tarapacá, which was then part of Peru. Here North established what later became a large business empire, working as a waterworks operator, importer and ship owner.〔.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Thomas North」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.